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Ayurveda Literature
Charaka Samhita
The Charaka Samhita is
considered to be one of the oldest and the most important ancient
authoritative writings on Ayurveda. Charaka Samhita
was written in Sanskrit. Its style is poetry, with melody. The
Charaka Samhita is a monumental work with 120 chapters grouped into
eight sections, or sthanas.
It presents most of the theoretical edifice
of Ayurveda and concentrates on the branch of Ayurveda called kayachikitsa
(internal medicine). This is largely the theory of the internal fire of
digestion or internal medicine. P.V. Sharma, B. Dash and R.K. Sharma had
translated Charaka Samhita in English. All three translators have
excellent academic or/and clinical credentials supporting their works.
Sushruta Samhita
The Sushruta Samhita
gives a complete description of human anatomy, including bones, nerves,
blood vessels, and the circulatory system; and it mentions the brain as
the center of the senses. It describes various surgical equipment, a
classification of abscesses, treatments for burns, fractures, and wounds,
as well as instructions for amputation. It also describes anatomical
dissection as well as surgery, which was the most advanced in the world at
the time. In fact, the plastic surgery (e.g., rhinoplasty) and anal/rectal
surgery described in the Susruta Samhita are similar to what is
practiced in modern medicine, and they may have served as the model for
the development of these procedures.
The most comprehensive and frequently quoted
definition of health is from Sushruta. His work is unique in that it
discusses blood in terms of the fourth doshic principle. This work is the
first to enumerate and discuss the pitta sub-doshas and the marmas. With
its emphasis on pitta, surgery, and blood, this work best represents the
transformational value of life.
Susruta divided Ayurveda
into the eight specialties as: Kaya Cikitsa (Internal Medicine),Bala
Cikitsa(Pediatrics),Graha Cikitsa(Psychiatry),Shalya(Surgery),Shalakya
Tantra(Ophthalmology, otolaryngology),Agada Tantra(Toxicology),Rasayana
Tantra (longevity and rejuvenation),Vajikarana Tantra(Eugenics and
aphrodisiacs).
P.V.
Sharma has translated Sushrut Samhita in Devnagari and English.
Ashtanga Hridayam and Ashtanga Sangraha
These treaties primarily deal with kayachikitsa. The uniqueness of this
work is the description of vata, pitta, and kapha with their five
sub-types. Its emphasis on treating the physiology of the body and
suggested therapeutic use of metals and minerals.These treatise
represents the gross, material value of life more than their counterparts
Charaka and Sushruta. While Charaka has entire chapters dealing with the
Self, these works merely mention that the body is the home for the Self
without any elaboration.
Srikantha Murthy's translated these treatises in English.
The Lesser Three
Classics of Ayurveda
Sharngadhara Samhita
The
Sharngadhara Samhita is a brief description of Ayurvedic principles. This
treatise is thought to have originated in the 15th century AD. The
Sharngadhara Samhita is credited for its explaination and description of
number of pharmacological formulations used in panchakarma and contains
the first textual elaboration of pulse diagnosis. Its subject matter is
the field of kayachikitsa. Srikantha
Murthy has translated this work in Devanagari and English.
Bhava Prakasha
Bhava Prakasha is written in the 16th century. It is a well-organized and
compact summary of the earlier classics. There are about 10,268 verses of
varying matters. It deals with kayachikitsa generally and has a large
section entitled Nighantu, which gives the characteristics of many foods,
plants, and minerals. Many of it quotations are directly from earlier
writers. Srikantha Murthy has translated this work in English.
Madhava Nidanam
Madhava Nidanam deals with the classification of diseases. Its
representation is slightly different from those given by Charaka, Sushruta,
and Vagbhata. This work is dated around 700 AD and is credited for
covering a wide range of diseases in the fields of bala (children and
women's disorders), shalya, damstra (toxicology), shalakya (ear, nose and
throat), and kayachikitsa. While this treatise gives detailed description
of disease etiology (disease doctrines), prodroma and cardinal signs and
symptoms, it does not give explanation or suggestions for chikitsa
(treatment). Srikantha Murthy has
translated this work in English.
The English translation
of all these classics are published by
Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, India.
Recent
Ayurvedic Literature
Indian Materia Medica
Dr. K. M. Nadkarni
published a two-volume Indian Materia Medica, a guide to Ayurveda in 1908.
It contains information from ancient traditional practices, current
Ayurvedic practices, and reports from Europeans (such as analysis of
active constituents, pharmacology, and European uses of the same herbs).
This Materia medica has several limitations such as it makes no reference
to previous works on Indian herbs, does not outline any history of the
development of the drugs, and does not indicate when an herb was
introduced into practice. It provides occasional references to Charaka,
but doesn't otherwise quote earlier authors on Ayurvedic medicine, except
for those working right around the time of its publication, mainly R.N.
Chopra.
Official
Publications
Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, Government of India has published Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
of India as well as Ayurvedic Formulary of India as guidelines for the
manufacturer and practitioner of Ayurvedic medicines.
Ayurvedic Philosophy
Types of Vata Dosha
Types
Pitta Dosha
Types
of Kaphha Dosha
Ayurveda
Ayurvedic Literature
Charaka
Samhita
Sushruta
Samhita
Ashtanga
Hridayam and Ashtanga Sangraha
The Lesser Three Classics of
Ayurveda
Sharngadhara Samhita
Bhava
Prakasha
Madhava
Nidanam
Recent
Ayurvedic Literature
Indian
Materia Medica
Official Publications
Ayurvedic Philosophy for Disease Progression and Therapy
Accumulation
Aggravation
Overflow
Initial Manifestation of
Disease (Purvarupa)
Appearance of Disease (Rupa)
Disease Eruption
Ayurvedic Methods of Treatment
Panchakarma
Vaman (Emesis)
Virechan
(Purgation)
Basti (Enema)
Navan/Nasya
(Nasal Administration)
Rakta Moksha (Blood Cleansing)
Panchakarma Diet
Some Important Concepts In Ayurveda
Balanced & Imbalanced of Doshas
Sapta Dhatu(Seven
Vital Elements)
Ayurvedic Drugs
Tridoshas
Synergy
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In India, Ayurveda is
taught in many Ayurvedic medical colleges as an integrated course with
modern medical sciences and Ayurvedic sciences. These integrated
degree-level courses consist of a duration of five and a half years
i.e. B.A.M.S. (Bachelor
of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery), with one additional
year of internship in hospital. Standard medical science subjects are
taught along with Ayurvedic subjects i.e. Maulik Siddhant,
Materia Medica, Kayachikitsa etc.
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